Abdul Bari Jahani: The Poet of Unity and Change in Afghanistan

Introduction

Abdul Bari Jahani, born on February 14, 1948, in Kandahar, Afghanistan, stands as a towering figure in Afghan literature and politics. Known for his profound contributions as a poet, novelist, historian, and journalist, Jahani’s work spans a remarkable range of disciplines, reflecting his deep commitment to Afghan culture and unity. His most notable achievement, the creation of the national anthem of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, underscores his influential role in shaping the nation’s identity.

Early Life and Education of Abdul Bari Jahani

Jahani’s formative years in Kandahar, a city he fondly recalls as a melting pot of ideologies and beliefs, greatly influenced his literary and cultural perspectives. Growing up in a peaceful and diverse environment, he developed a deep connection with his homeland, which is reflected in his poetry and writings. His early education was completed at the prestigious Mirwais Nika High School in Kandahar. With Kandahar University not yet established, Jahani faced a pivotal choice for his higher education. Opting for Kabul University over Nangarhar University, he pursued a degree in Pashto literature and history, graduating in 1972.

Literary Contributions

Jahani’s literary career is distinguished by his extensive contributions to Pashto literature. His involvement with Pashto Tolana, a prestigious literary body, highlighted his dedication to enriching the Pashto language. His work at Pashto Tolana was akin to being accepted into the Harvard Law Review in the U.S., as it involved the development and enrichment of Pashto vocabulary. Jahani’s poetry, celebrated for its themes of epic, romance, patriotism, and enlightenment, has made him a revered figure in contemporary Pashtun literature.

His notable poetry collections include:

“Moshko Karwaan” (د مشکو کاروان)
“Wraka Mayna” (ورکه مېنه)
“Razo-Niyaaz” (رازو نیاز)
“Da Sabawoon Pa tama” (د سباوون په تمه)

In addition to poetry, Jahani has authored several novels and history books, contributing to Afghan literary and historical scholarship.

Career Highlights

Jahani’s career spans various roles, from being the Managing Editor of Kabul Magazine to serving in the Afghan Ministry of Education. His tenure at Kabul Magazine saw significant growth in readership, reflecting his ability to engage and inform the Afghan public. During his time at the Ministry of Education, Jahani focused on promoting knowledge and education, a mission he continued even after being forced to leave Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion.

In 1983, Jahani joined Voice of America’s Pashto service, where he became a prominent broadcaster and poet. His programs, particularly his late-night poetry show “Da Ashnayaano Adabi dera,” gained a large audience across South Asia and the Middle East. Jahani’s poetry, including his famous “Three Cows and One Wolf” story, conveyed messages of unity and patriotism, resonating deeply with his listeners.

National Anthem and Constitutional Contributions

One of Jahani’s most significant contributions was writing the lyrics for the Afghan national anthem, adopted in May 2006. His involvement in the drafting of the new Afghan constitution in 2004 further illustrates his influence on the nation’s identity and governance.

However, following the Taliban takeover in August 2021, the anthem was replaced by “This Is the Home of the Brave.” Despite this, Jahani’s anthem remains a symbol of the aspirations and unity of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.

Impact and Legacy

Jahani’s poetry and writings continue to inspire and provoke thought about Afghanistan’s unity and cultural richness. His works, often reflecting on his experiences as a refugee and his love for his homeland, have earned him a special place in Afghan hearts. His commitment to addressing national issues through his poetry and public speaking underscores his role as a key figure in Afghan intellectual and cultural life.

Political Influence and Criticism

Throughout his career, Jahani has been a sought-after figure in Afghan politics. His support for politicians who advocate for national unity and his critique of corruption have made him a significant voice in Afghan political discourse. Despite facing criticism for some of his epic-themed poetry and his stance on various issues, Jahani’s contributions to Afghan literature and national identity are widely recognized and respected.

Conclusion

Abdul Bari Jahani’s life and work embody the rich cultural and intellectual heritage of Afghanistan. From his poetic endeavors to his role in shaping national identity, Jahani remains a central figure in Afghanistan’s literary and political landscape. His legacy as a poet and advocate for unity continues to resonate, offering a powerful reminder of the strength found in diversity and shared purpose.

FAQs About Abdul Bari Jahani

1. Who is Abdul Bari Jahani?

Abdul Bari Jahani is an esteemed Afghan poet, novelist, historian, and journalist born on February 14, 1948, in Kandahar, Afghanistan. He is widely known for writing the lyrics to the national anthem of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and has made significant contributions to Pashto literature.

2. What is Abdul Bari Jahani’s most notable work?

Jahani’s most notable work is the lyrics for the Afghan national anthem, “Milli Surood,” which was adopted in May 2006. He is also celebrated for his poetry and contributions to Pashto literature.

3. What are some of Abdul Bari Jahani’s major works in literature?

Abdul Bari Jahani has published several influential works in Pashto literature. His major poetry collections include:

Wraka Mayna (Lost Homeland)
Razo-Niyaaz (Secrets and Devotion)
Da Sabawoon Pa Tama (In Expectation of Dawn)
Shpelai (Echoes)
Kawsar (Divine Stream)

He has also authored novels and historical books, such as Herat, Pashtana aw Stara Loba (Herat, Pashtuns, and Great Game) and Da Khiyam Robayat da Pashto Pa Taal ki (Rubaiyat of Khayyam in Pashto Meter).

4. What is Abdul Bari Jahani’s educational background?

Jahani completed his primary and secondary education at Mirwais Nika High School in Kandahar. He then graduated from Kabul University in 1972 with a BA in Pashto literature and history.

5. What role did Abdul Bari Jahani play in Afghan media?

Jahani served as the Managing Editor of Kabul Magazine, significantly increasing its readership. He also worked as an international broadcaster for the Voice of America’s Pashto service, where he hosted popular programs and contributed to Pashto language programming.

6. What is Jahani’s stance on Afghan ethnic diversity?

Jahani is a strong advocate for Afghan unity and values the country’s ethnic diversity. He believes that the strength of Afghanistan lies in its diverse tribes and ethnic groups and that national unity is crucial for the country’s prosperity and stability.

7. Why did Abdul Bari Jahani leave Afghanistan?

Jahani left Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion due to fears of persecution from communist and leftist groups. He sought refuge in Pakistan and later continued his work with the Voice of America in Washington, D.C.

8. Has Abdul Bari Jahani received any awards or recognitions?

Yes, Jahani has been recognized for his contributions to Pashto literature and media. His work with the Voice of America earned him several awards and medals, reflecting his impact on Afghan media and literature.

9. What is Abdul Bari Jahani’s involvement in Afghan politics?

Jahani has been a significant figure in Afghan politics, supporting leaders who promote unity and represent all ethnic groups. He supported Dr. Ashraf Ghani in the 2009 presidential elections and has been a critic of corruption in Afghan politics.

10. How has Abdul Bari Jahani’s refugee status influenced his poetry?

Jahani’s experiences as a refugee have profoundly impacted his poetry. His works often reflect his deep love for Afghanistan, portraying its natural beauty and expressing his longing for his homeland. His poetry emphasizes themes of unity, patriotism, and the importance of education.

11. What is the current status of the Afghan national anthem written by Jahani?

The anthem written by Jahani, “Milli Surood,” was officially used by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan until the Taliban takeover in August 2021. The anthem has since been replaced by “This Is the Home of the Brave” under the new Taliban administration.

12. Where can I find Abdul Bari Jahani’s works?

Abdul Bari Jahani’s poetry and books are available through various Afghan and international publishers. His work is also featured in online platforms and Afghan media outlets. For specific titles and translations, checking bookstores or libraries specializing in Afghan literature is recommended.